Implicatures in Hominini

Hominini is, as every schoolboy knows (* including Clifton) the tribe of Homininae that comprises Humans (Homo), and two species of the genus Pan (the Common Chimpanzee and the Bonobo), their ancestors, and the extinct lineages of their common ancestor.

In philosophy, man is more important than bonobos and chimpanzees, but Grice did recognise, "read chimp literature". N. V. Smith, not a philosopher, has written extensively on bonobos.

Members of the tribe are called hominins (cf. Hominidae, "hominids").

The subtribe Hominina is the "human" branch, including genus Homo and its close relatives, but not Pan.

The creation of this taxon is the result of the current idea that the least similar species of a trichotomy should be separated from the other two.

Through DNA comparison, scientists believe the Pan/Homo divergence occurred no more than 6.3 million years ago and probably less than 5.4 million years ago, after an unusual process of speciation that ranged over four million years.[1]

Few fossil specimens on the Pan side of the split have been found, the first fossil chimpanzee discovery being published in 2005,[2] dating to between 545 ± 3 kyr (thousand years) and 284 ± 12 kyr via 40Ar/39Ar, from Kenya's East African Rift Valley.

All of the extinct genera listed in the table to the right are ancestral to Homo, or are offshoots of such.

However, both Orrorin and Sahelanthropus existed around the time of the split, and so may be ancestral to all three extant species.

In the proposal of Mann and Weiss (1996),[3] the tribe Hominini includes Pan as well as Homo, but as separate subtribes.

Homo (and, by inference, all bipedal apes) is in the subtribe Hominina, while Pan is in the subtribe Panina.

A family tree will show the extant hominoids: humans (genus Homo), chimpanzees (genus Pan), gorillas (genus Gorilla), orangutans (genus Pongo), and gibbons (four genera of the family Hylobatidae: Hylobates, Hoolock, Nomascus, and Symphalangus). Only humans and chimpanzees belong to the Hominini tribe.

References

"Human and chimp genomes reveal new twist on origin of species". EurekAlert!/AAAS. 2006-05-17. http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-05/biom-hac051106.php. Retrieved 2007-04-12.
^ McBrearty, Sally and Nina G. Jablonski (2005). "First fossil chimpanzee". Nature 437 (7055): 105–108. doi:10.1038/nature04008. PMID 16136135.
^ Mann, Alan and Mark Weiss (1996). "Hominoid Phylogeny and Taxonomy: a consideration of the molecular and Fossil Evidence in an Historical Perspective". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 5 (1): 169–181. doi:10.1006/mpev.1996.0011. PMID 8673284.
Wikispecies has information related to: Hominini
[show]v · d · ePart of the series on Human evolution

Hominini

Sahelanthropus tchadensis · Orrorin tugenensis · Ardipithecus · Kenyanthropus platyops

Australopithecines

Australopithecus: A. anamensis · A. afarensis · A. bahrelghazali · A. africanus · A. garhi · A. sediba
Paranthropus: P. aethiopicus · P. boisei · P. robustus

Humans and Proto-humans

Homo: H. gautengensis · H. habilis · H. rudolfensis · H. georgicus · H. ergaster · H. erectus (H. e. erectus · H. e. lantianensis · H. e. palaeojavanicus · H. e. pekinensis · H. e. nankinensis · H. e. wushanensis · H. e. yuanmouensis · H. e. soloensis) · H. cepranensis · H. antecessor · H. heidelbergensis · Denisova hominin · H. neanderthalensis · H. rhodesiensis · H. floresiensis · Archaic Homo sapiens · Anatomically modern humans (H. s. idaltu · H. s. sapiens)

Topics: Timeline of human evolution · List of human evolution fossils · Human evolutionary genetics
Models: Recent African origin · Multiregional origin

[show]v · d · eApe-related articles

Ape species Human · Bonobo · Common chimpanzee · Gorilla · Orangutan · Gibbon

Ape study Ape language · Ape Trust · Dian Fossey · Birutė Galdikas · Jane Goodall · Chimpanzee genome project · Human genome project · Neanderthal genome project · Willie Smits · Lone Drøscher Nielsen · Borneo Orangutan Survival

Legal and social status Personhood · Research ban · Kinshasa Declaration · Great Ape Project · Survival Project

See also Bushmeat · Ape extinction · List of notable apes · List of fictional apes · Human evolution · Mythic humanoids · Hominid


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