Implicatures in Homininae

Homininae is, as every schoolboy knows (* especially at Clifton, that Grice attended) a subfamily of Hominidae, which includes humans, gorillas and chimpanzees, and some extinct human relatives.

It comprises all those hominids, such as Australopithecus, that arose after the split from the other great apes.

Until 1980, the family Hominidae contained only humans, with the great apes in the family Pongidae.[1]

Grice died in 1988, so by the time he died he knew that there were more hominidae than 'homo sapiens sapiens' ("I find the second sapiens otiose").

Discoveries led to a revision of classification, with the great apes (now Ponginae) and humans (Homininae) united in Hominidae.[2]

Further discoveries indicated that gorillas and chimpanzees are more closely related to humans than they are to orangutans, hence their current placement in Homininae.[3]

The subfamily Homininae can be further subdivided into the tribes

Gorillini

(gorillas) and

Hominini
-- bonobos, chimpanzees and humans.

The early Late Miocene Nakalipithecus nakayamai, described in 2007, and perhaps also its contemporary Ouranopithecus, are basal members of this clade, not assignable to either the gorilla or the chimpanzee-humans lineage.

They suggest that the Homininae tribes diverged not earlier than about 8 million years ago -- give or take one year or two.

A hominin is a member of the tribe Hominini.

On the other hand, a hominine is a member of the subfamily Homininae.

Finally, a hominid is a member of the family Hominidae.

If you must, a hominoid is a member of the superfamily Hominoidea.

Homininae

Tribe Gorillini
Genus Gorilla
Western Gorilla,

Gorilla gorilla

Western Lowland Gorilla
Gorilla gorilla gorilla

Cross River Gorilla
Gorilla gorilla diehli

Eastern Gorilla, (Gorilla beringei)
Mountain Gorilla, (Gorilla beringei beringei)
Eastern Lowland Gorilla, (Gorilla beringei graueri)
Tribe Hominini
Genus Pan (genus)

Common Chimpanzee
Pan troglodytes -- not to confuse with 'troglodytes troglodytes', the wren. (vide Grice WoW:IV for "Jenny Wren" and "Jack Sparrow")

Central Chimpanzee,
Pan troglodytes troglodytes

West African Chimpanzee
Pan troglodytes verus

Nigeria-Cameroon Chimpanzee
Pan troglodytes vellerosus

Eastern Chimpanzee, (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)

Bonobo (Pygmy Chimpanzee)
Pan paniscus

************************

Genus Homo

Human, (Homo sapiens)

Modern Human, (Homo sapiens sapiens)

References Wikispecies has information related to: Homininae
The Wikibook Dichotomous Key has a page on the topic of
Homininae


M. Goodman (1964). "Man’s place in the phylogeny of the primates as reflected in serum proteins".
In S. L. Washburn. Classification and human evolution. Aldine, Chicago. pp. 204–234.

M. Goodman (1974). "Biochemical Evidence on Hominid Phylogeny". Annual Review of Anthropology 3: 203–228. doi:10.1146/annurev.an.03.100174.001223.


M. Goodman, D. A. Tagle, D. H. Fitch, W. Bailey, J. Czelusniak, B. F. Koop, P. Benson, J. L. Slightom (1990). "Primate evolution at the DNA level and a classification of hominoids". Journal of Molecular Evolution 30 (3): 260–266. doi:10.1007/BF02099995. PMID 2109087.

[show]v · d · eExtant species of family Hominidae (Great apes)
Kingdom: Animalia · Phylum: Chordata · Class: Mammalia · Order: Primates · Suborder: Haplorrhini
Ponginae Pongo
(Orangutans) Bornean Orangutan (P. pygmaeus) · Sumatran Orangutan (P. abelii)


Homininae Gorilla Western Gorilla (G. gorilla) · Eastern Gorilla (G. beringei)

Pan
(Chimpanzees) Common Chimpanzee (P. troglodytes) · Bonobo (P. paniscus)

Homo Human (H. s. sapiens)


Category

[show]v · d · eApe-related articles

Ape species Human · Bonobo · Common chimpanzee · Gorilla · Orangutan · Gibbon

Ape study Ape language · Ape Trust · Dian Fossey · Birutė Galdikas · Jane Goodall · Chimpanzee genome project · Human genome project · Neanderthal genome project · Willie Smits · Lone Drøscher Nielsen · Borneo Orangutan Survival

Legal and social status Personhood · Research ban · Kinshasa Declaration · Great Ape Project · Survival Project

See also Bushmeat · Ape extinction · List of notable apes · List of fictional apes · Human evolution · Mythic humanoids · Hominid


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