Aristotle and Grice on "Duction"

For Aristotle and Grice, it's 'duction'.

Duction sometimes takes the form of

de-duction.

But most of the cases she remains

in-duction

Or, if pressed, she can become

ab-duction,

or as I and Peirce preferred,

retro-duction:

Etc.

JLS


1914 C. S. PEIRCE Coll. Papers (1931) I. 28

There are in science three fundamentally different kinds of reasoning,
Deduction.., Induction..and Retroduction (Aristotle's apagoge, but misunderstood
because of corrupt text, and as misunderstood usually translated abduction).
Ibid.

29 Retroduction is the provisional adoption of a hypothesis, because every
possible consequence of it is capable of experimental verification, so that the
persevering application of the same method may be expected to reveal its
disagreement with facts.

1939 Mind XLVIII. 378 In discussing ‘the leap of the mind from data to
hypothesis’ he makes no reference to C. S. Peirce's Retroduction.

1958 N. R. HANSON Patterns of Discovery 217
Retroductions do not always lead to syntheses like those of Newton, Clerk
Maxwell, Einstein and Dirac. They sometimes show the first chink in the old
armour.

1965 P. CAWS Philos. of Sci. xxxii. 243
This is the essential ingredient in what Peirce called retroduction, the
intuitive jump from observed facts to hypotheses about them.

1976 C. SELLTIZ et al. Res. Methods Social Relations (ed. 3) ii. 32
In the process of determining explanations for observed events, social
scientists often reason from conclusions to reasons for conclusions. We call this
inference process retroduction, in contrast with deduction and induction. In
retroduction, we try to think of plausible reasons why some event could have
occurred in an attempt to construct an explanation of why the event did occur.

Also retroductive a., pertaining to or characterized by retroduction;
retroductively adv.

1914 C. S. PEIRCE Coll. Papers (1932) II. 491
Induction..is manifestly adequate, with the aid of retroduction and of
deductions from retroductive suggestions, to discovering any regularity.

1958 N. R. HANSON Patterns of Discovery iv. 86
H cannot be retroductively inferred until its content is present in 2.

1974 P. ACHINSTEIN in F. Suppe Struct. Sci. Theories 357 Retroductive or
explanatory reasoning..is reasoning falling under the logic of discovery,
whereas deductive reasoning from established theories is reasoning falling under
the logic of justification.

1976 C. SELLTIZ et al. Res. Methods Social Relations (ed. 3) ii. 32 An
example of retroductive reasoning appears in a study of the decline in trust in
the national government during the last decade.