Transfinite numbers are numbers that are "infinite" in the sense that they are larger than all finite numbers, yet not necessarily absolutely infinite.
The term "transfinite" was coined, on a happy day, by Georg Cantor, who wished to avoid some of the implications (or 'implicatures' as Grice would say, or 'implicanze' as Speranza would) of the word infinite in connection with these objects, which were nevertheless not (quite) finite.
Few contemporary writers share these qualms
It is now accepted usage to refer to transfinite cardinals and ordinals as "infinite".
However, the term "transfinite" also remains in use.
As with finite numbers, there are two ways of thinking of transfinite numbers, as ordinal and cardinal numbers.
Unlike the finite ordinals and cardinals, the transfinite ordinals and cardinals define different classes of numbers.
"ω" (read: "omega") is defined as the lowest transfinite ordinal number and is the order type of the natural numbers under their usual linear ordering.
Aleph-null, "
", is defined as the first transfinite cardinal number and is the cardinality of the infinite set of the natural numbers.
", is defined as the first transfinite cardinal number and is the cardinality of the infinite set of the natural numbers. 
.
If not, there may be other cardinals which are incomparable with aleph-one and larger than aleph-zero.
But in any case, there are no cardinals between aleph-zero and aleph-one.
That is to say, aleph-one is the cardinality of the set of real numbers.
If Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (ZFC) is consistent, then neither the continuum hypothesis nor its negation can be proven from ZFC.
Some authors, including P. Suppes (who contributged to PGRICE, ed. Grandy/Warner) and J. Rubin, use the term transfinite cardinal to refer to the cardinality of a Dedekind-infinite set, in contexts where this may not be equivalent to "infinite cardinal"
That is, in contexts where the axiom of countable choice is not assumed or is not known to hold. Given this definition, the following are all equivalent:
m is a transfinite cardinal.
That is, there is a Dedekind infinite set A such that the cardinality of A is m.
m + 1 = m.
- ≤ m.
there is a cardinal n such that
+ n = m.See also
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References
Levy, Azriel, 2002 (1978) Basic Set Theory. Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-42079-5
O'Connor, J. J. and E. F. Robertson (1998) "Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp Cantor," MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.
Rubin, Jean E., 1967. "Set Theory for the Mathematician". San Francisco: Holden-Day. Grounded in Morse-Kelley set theory.
Rudy Rucker, 2005 (1982) Infinity and the Mind. Princeton Univ. Press. Primarily an exploration of the philosophical implications of Cantor's paradise. ISBN 978-0-691-00172-2.
Patrick Suppes, 1972 (1960) "Axiomatic Set Theory". Dover. ISBN 0-486-61630-4. Grounded in ZFC.
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