"Bill mixed up the hats and coats" TRUE -- "Jones' butler did same" FALSE

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If a stroke of the pen is okay for non-identificatory, it is more controversial with identificatory uses.

Somoeone may decide to call "Jones' butler" -- in the second scenario -- "Bill". Grice comments:

"If the remark,

"Jones' butler got the hats and coats mixed up. Let's call Jones' butler Bill'.

"If the remark is correctly thus represented,"

Grice notes,

"it will NOT be true that,

in all conceivable circumstances, a subsequent

remark containing 'Bill' will have the same

truth-value as would have a corresponding

remark in which 'Bill' is replaced by

"Jones' butler'".

"For the person whom the utterer proposed to call

'Bill' will be the person whom he MEANT

when [referred] when he said 'Let us call JONES' BUTLER [sic in uppercase]

'Bill'',"

viz., 'the person who looked after

the hats and coats, who was addressed by Jones as 'Old Boy',

and so on; and if this person turns out

to have been Jones' gardener, and not Jones'

butler, it may be TRUE that Bill mixed up the

hats and coats and FALSE that Jones' butler mixed up

the hats and coats."