The concept of conversational implicature
is due to the work of Paul Grice (and so is the equally important concept of disimplicature (if not explicature -- which he disfavoured) and in particular to his paper "Logic and
Conversation," which was delivered in 1967 and instantly became highly
influential, although it was not published until 1975.
A key goal of this paper
was to defend the traditional logical understanding of connectives like "and" (and "if" -- his target was Strawson's exaggerated claims in "Introduction to Logical Theory")
against what he saw as the excesses of ordinary language philosophy.
Grice did this
by drawing a sharp distinction between what is strictly speaking said and what
is conversationally implicated.
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