Not quite. We do have tapes (at the Grice Collection, Bancroft Library, Berkeley) of Grice speaking English. Will that do? Anyway, this from wiki, under
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Ancient_Greek_Romanization_and_Pronunciation
Letter Rom. Class. IPA Koine IPA Byzan. IPA Cont. IPA before αι ε ει ευ η ῃ ηυ ι οι υ υι Notes
Α α A Ā a ā [a/aː] [a/aː] [a] [a] In Classical polytonic, the length distinction of ᾰ ([a]) and ᾱ ([aː]) is not indicated usually in writing nor in transcription. However, if ᾱ needs to be transcribed, ā suffices.
Β β B b [b] [b] [β] [v]
Γ γ G g [ɡ] [ɡ] [ɣ] [ɣ] [ʝ]
Δ δ D d [d] [d] [ð] [ð]
Ε ε E e [e] [ɛ] [e] [e]
Ϝ ϝ W w [w] N\A Not native to Attic-Ionic (lost in pre-classical times). If pronounced [w], Classical Attic kept it silent and Koine adapted it as ου. If pronounced [β~v], both Classical Attic and Koine adapted it as β.
Ζ ζ Z z [zd] [z/zz] [z/zz] [z/(z)z] Was metrically considered an interchangeably single or double consonant in Koine (typically double between vowels).
Η η Ē ē [ɛː] [eː] [i] [i] Finishes merging with ι/ϊ in Byzantine.
Θ θ Th th [tʰ] [tʰ] [θ] [θ]
Ι ι ϊ I Ī i ī ï [i/iː] [i/iː] [i] [i] In Classical polytonic, the length distinction of ῐ ([i]) and ῑ ([iː]) is not indicated usually in writing nor in transcription. However, if ῑ needs to be transcribed, ī suffices.
Κ κ K k [k] [k] [k] [k] [c]
Λ λ L l [l] [l] [l] [l]
Μ μ M m [m] [m] [m] [m]
Ν ν N n [n] [n] [n] [n]
Ξ ξ Ks ks [kʰs] [kʰs] [ks] [ks] See digraph exceptions further down.
Ο ο O o [o] [o] [o] [o]
Π π P p [p] [p] [p] [p]
Ρ ρ Rh rh r [hr/r] [(h)r/r] [r] [ɾ] Normal ρ is [r] and transcribed r. In Classical, ῥ is voiceless [hr] and transcribed rh, and ρρ or ῤῥ is voiceless [rhr] and transcribed rrh. Koine ῥ is [(h)r], and ῤῥ is [r(h)r]. All are voiced [r] in Byzantine onward, except in Atticist writings.
Σ σ ς S s [s] [s] [s] [s] See digraph exceptions further down.
Τ τ T t [t] [t] [t] [t] See diagraph exceptions further down.
Υ υ ϋ Hu Hū hu hū u ū ü [ʉ/ʉː] [y/yː] [y] [i] Originally not a front vowel, the influential Athens dialect articulates it as [y/yː] earlier on. Merges with ι in 10th century Byzantine Greek, but merges with ου in the Old Athenian dialect until it becomes extinct in the 20th century.
Φ φ Ph ph [pʰ] [pʰ] [ɸ] [f]
Χ χ Kh kh [kʰ] [kʰ] [x] [x] [ç]
Ψ ψ Ps ps [pʰs] [pʰs] [ps] [ps] See digraph exceptions further down.
Ω ω Ō ō [ɔː] [oː] [o] [o] Merges with ο late in Koine.
[edit] Vowel digraphsSpelling Rom. Class. IPA Koine IPA Byzan. IPA Cont. IPA Notes
Αι αι Ai ai [aɪ] [ɛː] [e] [e] Merges with ε in late Koine among the Hellenists and in Alexandria, and treated as an allophone of it from then on.
ᾼ ᾳ Āi āi [aːj] [aː] [a] [a] Classically spelt ΑΙ. In Koine, becomes collated simply as α as they merge.
Αυ αυ Au Āu au āu [aʊ/aːʊ] [aw/aːw] [av] [av] See αυ/ευ/ηυ exceptions further down.
Ει ει Ei ei [eː] [iː] [i] [i] In the learned Koine pronunciation of the foreign Romans, ει was typically an allophone of η immediately before other vowels, and an allophone of ι everywhere else. Alexandrians treated it as an allophone of ῑ in all circumstances, a trend that would become standard in Byzantine.
Ευ ευ Eu eu [eʊ] [ɛw] [ev] [ev] See αυ/ευ/ηυ exceptions further down.
ῌ ῃ Ēi ēi [ɛːj] [eː] [i] [i] Classically spelt ΗΙ. In Koine, becomes collated simply as η as they merge.
Ηυ ηυ Ēu ēu [ɛːʊ] [eːw] [iv] [iv] See αυ/ευ/ηυ exceptions further down.
Οι οι Oi oi [oɪ] [yː] [y] [i] Merges together with ῡ and υι in Koine, even earlier in Athens.
Ου ου Ou ou [oː] [uː] [u] [u] Becomes [uː] earlier on in Athens, remaining an allophone of [oː] until ω fills that pronunciation.
Υι υι ϋι Hui hui ui üi [yː] [yː] [y] [i] Merges with ῡ in Koine, and earlier on in Athens.
ῼ ῳ Ōi ōi [ɔːj] [oː] [o] [o] Classically spelt ΩΙ. In Koine, becomes collated simply as ω as they merge.
Ωυ ωυ Ōu ōu [ɔːy] [oːy] [oy] [oi] Non-Attic Greek diphthong (originally pronounced [ɔːʊ]), separated into two separate vowels, ωϋ, when loaned into Classical Attic onward.
[edit] Consonant digraphs and exceptionsSpelling Rom. Class. IPA Koine IPA Byzan. IPA Cont. IPA before αι ε ει ευ η ῃ ηυ ι οι υ υι Notes
ββ bb [bb] [bb] [ββ] [(v)v]
γγ ng [ŋɡ] [ŋɡ] [ŋɡ] [ŋɡ] [ŋɟ] In Contemporary pronunciation, in numerous irregular cases, is pronounced [ŋɣ] and [ŋʝ] respectively. Please consult (and preferably cite) a reputable Modern Greek pronunciation source for each word concerned.
γκ nk [ŋk] [ŋk] [ŋk] [ŋɡ] [ŋɟ]
γκτ nkt [ŋkt] [ŋkt] [ŋkt] [ŋkt]
γξ nks [ŋkʰs] [ŋkʰs] [ŋks] [ŋks]
γχ nkh [ŋkʰ] [ŋkʰ] [ ̃x] [ŋx] [ŋç] In Byzantine pronuncation, this phoneme becomes seriously endangered and merges with χ in common speech, later reintroduced under influence from Katharevousa.
δδ dd [dd] [dd] [ðð] [(ð)ð]
κβ kb [ɡb] [ɡb] [ɡβ] [ɡv]
κγ kg [ɡɡ] [ɡɡ] [ɡɣ] [ɡɣ] [ɡʝ]
κδ kd [ɡd] [ɡd] [ɡð] [ɡð]
κζ kz [ɡʱzd] [ɡʱz] [ɡz] [ɡz]
κθ kth [kʰtʰ] [kʰtʰ] [kθ] [kθ]
κκ kk [kk] [kk] [kk] [k(ʰ)] [c(ʰ)]
κξ kks [kkʰs] [kkʰs] [kks] [k(ʰ)s
κσ ks [kʰs] [kʰs] [ks] [ks]
κσμ ksm [ɡʱzm] [ɡʱzm] [ɡzm] [ɡzm]
κφ kph [kʰpʰ] [kʰpʰ] [kɸ] [kf]
κχ kkh [kkʰ] [kkʰ] [kx] [kx] [kç]
κψ kps [kʰpʰs] [kʰpʰs] [kps] [kps]
λλ ll [ll] [ll] [ll] [(l)l]
μβ mb [mb] [mb] [mb] [ɱv]
μμ mm [mm] [mm] [mm] [(m)m]
μπ mp [mp] [mp] [mp] [mb]
μπτ mpt [mpt] [mpt] [mpt] [mpt]
μφ mph [mpʰ] [mpʰ] [ ̃ɸ] [ɱf] In Byzantine pronuncation, this phoneme becomes seriously endangered and merges with φ in common speech, later reintroduced under influence from Katharevousa.
μψ mps [mpʰs] [mpʰs] [mps] [mps]
νδ nd [nd] [nd] [nd] [nð]
νζ nz [ːzd] [nz] [ndz] [nz] Not viable in Classical Attic, where the spelling is rare, and the ν is silent and audibly lengthens the preceding vowel instead.
νθ nth [ntʰ] [ntʰ] [ ̃θ] [nθ] In Byzantine pronuncation, this phoneme becomes seriously endangered and merges with θ in common speech, later reintroduced under influence from Katharevousa.
νν nn [nn] [nn] [nn] [(n)n]
νσ νς ns [ːs] [ns] [ ̃s] [ns] Not viable in Classical Attic, where the spelling is rare, and the ν is silent and audibly lengthens the preceding vowel instead. In Byzantine pronuncation, this phoneme becomes seriously endangered and merges with σ again in common speech, later reintroduced under influence from Katharevousa.
ντ nt [nt] [nt] [nt] [nd]
ντζ ntz [ːzd] [ndz] [ndz] [ndz] Not viable in Classical Attic, where the spelling is rare, and the ντ is silent and audibly lengthens the preceding vowel instead.
ντσ ντς nts [ːs] [nts] [nts] [nts] Not viable in Classical Attic, where the spelling is rare, and the ντ is silent and audibly lengthens the preceding vowel instead.
ξβ ksb [ɡʱzb] [ɡʱzb] [ɡzβ] [ɡzv]
ξγ ksg [ɡʱzɡ] [ɡʱzɡ] [ɡzɣ] [ɡzɣ] [ɡzʝ]
ξδ ksd [ɡʱzd] [ɡʱzd] [ɡzð] [ɡzð]
ξζ ksz [ɡʱzzd] [ɡʱzz] [ɡzz] [ɡ(z)z]
ξμ ksm [ɡʱzm] [ɡʱzm] [ɡzm] [ɡzm]
ππ pp [pp] [pp] [pp] [p(ʰ)]
πφ pph [ppʰ] [ppʰ] [pɸ] [pf]
ρρ ῤῥ rrh [rhr] [r(h)r] [rr] [(r)ɾ]
σβ sb [zb] [zb] [zβ] [zv]
σγ sg [zɡ] [zɡ] [zɣ] [zɣ] [zʝ]
σδ sd [zd] [zd] [zð] [zð]
σζ sz [zzd] [zz] [zz] [(z)z]
Σμ σμ sm [zm] [zm] [zm] [zm]
σσ ss [ss] [ss] [ss] [(s)s]
Τζ τζ tz [zd] [dz] [dz] [dz] Not viable in Classical Attic, where the spelling is rare, and is pronounced as ζ, not audibly lengthening the preceding vowel as νζ does.
τθ tth [ttʰ] [ttʰ] [tθ] [tθ]
Τσ τσ τς ts [s] [ts] [ts] [ts] Not viable in Classical Attic, where the spelling is rare, and is pronounced as σ, not audibly lengthening the preceding vowel as νσ does.
ττ tt [tt] [tt] [tt] [t(ʰ)]
ψβ psb [bʱzb] [bʱzb] [bzβ] [bzv]
ψγ psg [bʱzɡ] [bʱzɡ] [bzɣ] [bzɣ] [bzʝ]
ψδ psd [bʱzd] [bʱzd] [bzð] [bzð]
ψζ psz [bʱzzd] [bʱzz] [bzz] [b(z)z]
ψμ psm [bʱzm] [bʱzm] [bzm] [bzm]
[edit] αυ/ευ/ηυ exceptionsThis table uses ευ as an example, but the same principles apply to αυ and ηυ, with α and η instead of ε.
Spelling Rom. Class. IPA Koine IPA Byzan. IPA Cont. IPA before αι ε ει ευ η ῃ ηυ ι οι υ υι Notes
ευβ eub [eʊb] [ɛwb] [eββ] [e(v)v]
ευθ euth [eʊtʰ] [ɛʍtʰ] [eɸθ] [efθ]
ευκ euk [eʊk] [ɛʍk] [eɸk] [efk] [efc]
ευξ euks [eʊkʰs] [ɛʍkʰs] [eɸks] [efks]
ευπ eup [eʊp] [ɛʍp] [eɸp] [efp]
ευσ ευς eus [eʊs] [ɛʍs] [eɸs] [efs]
ευσβ eusb [eʊzb] [ɛwzb] [eβzβ] [evzv]
ευσγ eusg [eʊzɡ] [ɛwzɡ] [eβzɣ] [evzɣ] [evzʝ]
ευσδ eusd [eʊzd] [ɛwzd] [eβzð] [evzð]
ευσμ eusm [eʊzm] [ɛwzm] [eβzm] [evzm]
ευτ eut [eʊt] [ɛʍt] [eɸt] [eft]
ευτζ eutz [eʊzd] [ɛwdz] [eβdz] [evdz]
ευφ euph [eʊpʰ] [ɛʍpʰ] [eɸɸ] [e(f)f]
ευχ eukh [eʊkʰ] [ɛʍkʰ] [eɸx] [efx] [efç]
ευψ eups [eʊpʰs] [ɛʍpʰs] [eɸps] [efps]
ευ eu [eʊ] [ɛʍ] [eɸ] [ef] Specifically in the word-final position.
[edit] Consonant-ι exceptionsEven today, most words of learned Ancient Greek origin have ι pronounced as [i], always a full vowel in its own syllable. However, where ι is understood to have come from [j], a [j]-derived pronunciation may reasonably apply. [j] does not enter the spoken language until the Byzantine period, and some words (such as Ἰούλιος) do not today have retroactive [j] pronunciations. But when [j] does contextually apply, this is how.
Spelling Rom. Byzan. IPA Cont. IPA Notes
ι ϊ i [j] [ʝ]
γι gi [ɣj] [ʝ]
γγι ngi [ŋɡj] [ŋɟ]
γκι nki [ŋkj] [ŋɟ]
γχι nkhi [ ̃xj] [ŋç]
θι thi [θj] [θç]
κι ki [kj] [c]
κγι kgi [ɡɣj] [ɡʝ]
κκι kki [kkj] [(c)c]
κχι kkhi [kxj] [kç]
λι li [lj] [ʎ]
λλι lli [llj] [(ʎ)ʎ]
νι ni [nj] [ɲ]
ννι nni [nnj] [(ɲ)ɲ]
ξι ksi [ksj] [ksç]
πι pi [pj] [pç]
σι si [sj] [sç]
τι ti [tj] [tç]
φι phi [ɸj] [fç]
χι khi [xj] [ç]
ψι
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Fascinating!
Thursday, July 1, 2010
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