I'm usually accused, but I don't care, since I'm your perpetual adolescent, ever young at heart, of 'relentless' even 'remorseless' 'literalism' (as Grice did accuse Austin).
(I think 'literalim' is not necessarily, as D. M. S. W. suggests, a mark of autism: it's a guy thing, and also a class-thing: people who go by the class of meanings our expressions are literally taken to mean, on occasion, etc.)
But who is a literalist? Consider 'happy'. Grice found the word, 'too vulgar'. "Surely I prefer 'eudaimonia'."
"But 'eudaimonia' is Greek!", Mary said,
"So?"
In "Some reflections on happiness" (now in 2001) he writes:
"Commentators [of Aristotle], such as my
dear old friend and former tutee, J. L. Ackrill,
have disagreed
about the precise interpretation of the word
"eudaemonia" in the works of the Stagirite,
but none, so far as I know, has
suggested what I think of as much the most
plausible conjecture; namely, that "eudaemonia"
is to be understood as the name for that state
or condition
which one's good _daemon_ would
(if he [never it] could)
ensure for one.)
And my good _daemon_
is a being motivated, with respect to me, solely
by concern for my well-being or happiness.
To
change the idiom, "eudaemonia" is the general
characterisation of what
a full-time and
unhampered fairy godmother
would secure for you."
H. P. Grice,
'Some reflections about ends and happiness'
in _Aspects of Reason_, Clarendon, 2001, p.116.
Saturday, February 13, 2010
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daimôn , onos, voc. daimôn S.OC1480 (lyr.), daimon Theoc.2.11 , ho, hê,
ReplyDelete1. god, goddess, of individual gods or goddesses, Il.1.222, 3.420, etc.;
daimoni isos 5.438 ; emisgeto daimoni daimôn, of Philiê and Neikos, Emp.
59.1 :--but more freq. of the Divine power (while theos denotes a God in
person), the Deity, cf. Od.3.27; pros daimona against the Divine power,
Il.17.98; sun daimoni by its grace, 11.792; kata daimona, almost, = tuchêi,
by chance, Hdt.1.111; tuchai daimonos Pi.O.8.67 ; amachos [p. 366] d., i.
e. Destiny, B.15.23: in pl., hoti daimones thelôsin, what the Gods ordain,
Id.16.117; tauta d' en tôi d. S. OC1443 ; hê tuchê kai ho d. Lys. 13.63 ,
cf.Aeschin.3.111; kata daimona kai suntuchian Ar.Av.544 .
2. the power controlling the destiny of individuals: hence, one's lot or
forlune, dtugeros de hoi echrae d. Od.5.396 , cf. 10.64; daimonos aisa kakê
11.61 ; daimona dôsô I will deal thee fate, i.e. kill thee, I1.8.166; freq.
in Trag. of good or ill fortune, hotan ho d. euroêi A.Pers.601 ; d. asinês
Id.Ag.1342 (lyr.); koinos Id.Th.812 ; gennaios plên tou daimonos S.OC76 ;
daimonos sklêrotês Antipho 3.3.4 ; ton oiaka strephei d. hekastps
Anaxandr.4.6 ; personified as the good or evil genius of a family or
person, d. tôipleisthenidôn A.Ag.1569 , cf. S.OT1194 (lyr.); ho hekastou d.
Pl.Phd.107d , cf. PMag.Lond.121.505, Iamb.Myst.9.1; ho d. ho tên hêmeteran
moiran lelonchôs Lys.2.78 ; hapanti d. andri sumparistatai euthus genomenôi
mustagôgos tou biou Men.16.2 D.; d. alastores Id.8D. ; ho megas [tou
Kaisaros] d. Plu.Caes.69 ; ho sos d. kakos ibid.; ho basileôs d. Id.Art.15
; êthos anthrôpôi d. Heraclit.119 ; Xenokratês phêsi tên psuchên hekastou
einai d. Arist.Top.112a37 .
II. daimones, hoi, souls of men of the golden age, acting as tutelary
deities, Hes.Op. 122, Thgn.1348, Phoc.15, Emp.115.5, etc.; theôn, d.,
hêrôôn, tôn en Haidou Pl.R.392a : less freq. in sg., daimoni d' hoios
eêstha to ergazesthai ameinon Hes.Op.314 ; ton te d. Dareion ankaleisthe,
of the deified Darius, A.Pers.620; nun d' esti makaira d., of Alcestis,
E.Alc.1003 (lyr.), cf.IG12(5).305.5 (Paros): later, of departed souls,
Luc.Luct.24; daimosin eusebesin, = Dis Manibus, IG14.1683; so theoi d.,
ib.938, al.: also, ghost, Paus.6.6.8.
2. generally, spiritual or semi-divine being inferior to the Gods,
Plu.2.415a, al., Sallust.12, Dam.Pr.183, etc.; esp. evil spirit, demon,
Ev.Matt.8.31, J.AJ8.2.5; phauloi d. Alex.Aphr.Pr.2.46 ; daimonos esodos eis
ton anthrôpon, Aret.SD1.4; praxis ekballousa daimonas PMag.Par.1227 .
3. agathos d. the Good Genius to whom a toast was drunk after dinner,
Ar.V.525, Nicostr.Com.20, D.S.4.3, Plu.2.655e, Philonid. ap. Ath.15.675b,
Paus.9.39.5, IG12(3).436 (Thera), etc.; of Nero, a. d. tês oikoumenês
OGI666.3 ; of the Nile, a. d. potamos ib.672.7 (i A.D.); of the tutelary
genius of individuals (supr. 1), a. d. Poseidôniou SIG1044.9 (Halic.): pl.,
daimones a., = Lat. Di Manes, SIG1246 (Mylasa): Astrol., agathos, kakos d.,
names of celestial klêroi, Paul.Al.N.4, O.1, etc. (Less correctly written
Agathodaimôn, q.v.).
B. = daêmôn, knowing, d. machês skilled in fight, Archil.3.4. (Pl.
Cra.398b, suggests this as the orig. sense; while others would write
daêmones in Archil., and get rid of this sense altogether; cf. however
haimôn. More probably the Root of daimôn (deity) is daiô to distribute
destinies;; cf. Alcm.48.)