Greek Grice: "eleutheros" in Liddell/Scott or how to 'linguistic botanise'

ἐλεύθερος

feminie

-α,

neuter ον

（ος, ον A.Ag.328, E.El.868):

later

ἐλαύθερος BCH22.76(Delph.);

Elean

ἐλεύθαρος

Schwyzer416.3:—

MEANING:

A.

"free".

Homer has the word only in Iliad in two phrases,

"ἐλεύθερον ἦμαρ"

---- the day of freedom, i.e.freedom,

Iliad 6.455, 16.831, al.; and

"κρητὴρ ἐλεύθερος"

--- the cup drunk to freedom, 6.528;

“ἐ. πιοῦσαν οἶνον ἀποθανεῖν”

Xenarch.5 codd. Ath. (fort. -ριον, cf. “ἐλευθέριος” 1.2);

of _persons_,

Alc.Supp.25.11,

Herodotus.1.6,

A.Pr.50,

S.Aj.1020,

Th.8.15, etc.:

Comp.,

X.Cyr.8.3.21: Sup., Id.Hier.1.16;

τὸ ἐ. "freedom," -- the free.

Herodotus 7.103, etc.;

“τοὐλεύθερον”

E.Supp.438: c.gen.,

free or freed from a thing,

"φόνου, πημάτων, φόβου, A.Eu.603 codd., Ch.1060, E.Hec.869;

“αἰτίας”

Men.Sam.272;


ἔξω αἰτίας ἐleutheros."

S.Ant.445;

"ἐleutheros ἀπ᾽ ἀλλήλων"

independent, X.Cyr.3.2.23, Pl.Lg. 832d.


b.

"ἐλευθέρα, ἡ"

A married woman, Ath.13.571d; wife, POxy. 1872.8(v/vi A.D.); but, freedwoman, IG14.2490（Vienne).

c.

"free,"

of cities, in Roman Law, BGU316.3 (iv A.D.).

2.

of "things",

'free', open to all (gratis)

“ἀγορά” X.Cyr.1.2.3;

ἐleuthere φυλακή,= Lat. libera custodia, D.S. 4.46;

“περιωπή” Ael.NA 15.5; unencumbered, of property, D.35.21, IG 9(1).32.10 (Stiris), SIG364.36 (Ephesus, iii B.C.).


3.

ἐλεύθερον εἶναί τινι, c. inf., legally permissible, open to . ., ib.45.42 (Halic., v B.C.).

II. =

ἐλευθέριος,

fit for a freeman, free, frank, “φρήν” Pi.P.2.57;

“ἐλευθερωτέρη ὑπόκρισις”

Hdt.1.116;

“ἐλεύθρα βάζειν” A.Pers.593 (lyr.);

“ὦ μηδὲν ὑγιὲς μηδ᾽ ἐleutheron φρονῶν”

S.Ph.1006;


as applied to 'speech':

“δούλη μέν, εἴρηκεν δ᾽ ἐleutheron λόγον”"

Id.Tr.63, cf.El.1256;

“φρονήματα” Pl.R.567a;

βάσανοι ἐ. tortures such as might be used to a freeman, Id.Lg.946c (so

“φάσγανα” E. Fr.495.38); τὸ ἐleutheron

Pl.Mx.245c: freq. in Adv.

“-ρως, εἰπεῖν” Hdt.5.93, al.;

χαίρειν . . καὶ γελᾶν ἐleutheros

S.El.1300;

“τεθραμμένους” Isoc.7.43 codd. (fort. -ερίως）;

παιδευθεὶς ἐ. Aeschin.3.154 codd. (fort. -ερίως）“;

ἐ. δούλευε, δοῦλος οὐκ ἔσει” Men.857; ἐλεύθεροι ἐλευθέρως

free and like free men,

Plato, Leges 919e.

Cognate with Latin, "līber" -- fr. Italic "loufero" (cf. Osc. Luvfreis 'Liberi') --

Ultimately from the Indo-European root,

"eleudhero"

(The connexion with Slav. liud, Old High German "liut", etc. 'people' is doubtful.)