In order to avoid "category mistakes," it is necessary to re- strict this notion, "explain human behavior," very carefully. Suppose a man says "I feel bad." His behavior, described in one set of categories, is: "stating that he feels bad." And the ex- planation may be "He said that he felt bad because he was hungry and had a headache." I do not wish to suggest that the event "Jones stating that he feels bad" can be explained in terms of the laws of physics. But there is another event which is very relevant, namely "Jones' body producing such-and-such sound waves." From one point of view this is a "different event" from Jones* stating that he feels bad. But (to adapt a remark of Hanson's) there would be no point in remarking that these are different events if there were not a sense in which they were the same event. And it is the sense in which these are the "same event" and not the sense in which these are "different events" that is relevant here. In fine, all I mean when I speak of "causally explaining hu- man behavior" is: causally explaining certain physical events (notions of bodies, productions of sound waves, etc.) which are in the sense just referred to the "same" as the events which make up human behavior. And no amount of "Ryle-ism" can succeed in arguing away 24 what is obviously a possibility: that physical science might succeed in doing this much.
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